• Functoriality. The assignment $U\mapsto U^{\textsf{c}}$ defines a functor
    \[ \webleft (-\webright )^{\textsf{c}}\colon \mathcal{P}\webleft (X\webright )^{\mathsf{op}}\to \mathcal{P}\webleft (X\webright ), \]

    where

    • Action on Objects. For each $U\in \mathcal{P}\webleft (X\webright )$, we have

      \[ \webleft [\webleft (-\webright )^{\textsf{c}}\webright ]\webleft (U\webright ) \mathrel {\smash {\overset {\mathclap {\scriptscriptstyle \text{def}}}=}}U^{\textsf{c}}. \]

    • Action on Morphisms. For each morphism $\iota _{U}\colon U\hookrightarrow V$ of $\mathcal{P}\webleft (X\webright )$, the image

      \[ \iota ^{\textsf{c}}_{U}\colon V^{\textsf{c}}\hookrightarrow U^{\textsf{c}} \]

      of $\iota _{U}$ by $\webleft (-\webright )^{\textsf{c}}$ is the inclusion

      \[ V^{\textsf{c}}\subset U^{\textsf{c}} \]

      i.e. where we have

      • If $U\subset V$, then $V^{\textsf{c}}\subset U^{\textsf{c}}$.


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